Introduction: helping consumers to know what they eat represents a communication challenge. Objectives: to evaluate the level of understanding of the information contained in a nutritional label in Venezuelan adult consumers, and their eventual ability to extrapolate said data in making purchase decisions related to a balanced and healthy diet. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study in which 377 people participated through a questionnaire with eight open questions, focused on the general use and perception of nutritional labeling, as well as the ability to interpret the information contained therein. Results: The 77.45% of the sample valued finding the nutritional information on the packaging of a product as very important. Middle-aged women read the nutritional information the most. In general, the performances on the understanding of the information of the nutritional table were very poor, and the only demographic variable studied strongly associated with its understanding was the educational level of the participants. Conclusions: a high percentage of people are unable to understand nutrition labeling information, representing a challenge for the evolution to more efficient labeling systems and consumer nutrition literacy programs.